IBS Relieve

This proven method helps with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, diet & quality of life

+ 100% personalized diet

+ Noticeable difference in only 4 weeks

+ Effectiveness proven by studies

+ Recommended by universities & healthcare specialists

Darmentzündung, Darmabschnitte, Darm Immunsystem

IBS Laboratory Test Info ⇓ 

You are not alone with complaints

My tummy hurts! I have trouble eating many foods! Flatulence, cramps, constipation and diarrhoea are draining my quality of life!

While many believe that food impacts their health, most don’t know what to believe when it comes to what a health promoting diet really is. Others don’t think much about the connection between food and health at all, until they experience symptoms, such as digestive issues, that appear to be directly related to eating.

It is known that lifestyle factors, especially stress and diet, affect the sensitive gut and can be the underlying cause of gut disorders and IBS.

Nutrition in particular plays a central role in maintaining the balance between the intestinal flora and the immune system.

Many people don’t know that dietary components can trigger immune cell responses, resulting in inflammation that can promote not only IBS but also damage the gut barrier (leaky gut).

With a laboratory test, such inflammation causing foods can be identified. This information makes it easy to adjust your diet.(4-11)

Happy Gut – Positive Mindset

A recent scientific study shows: Significant irritable bowel syndrome improvement if you avoid inflammation triggers identified with an immune cell activation laboratory test. 

Irritable bowel research has recently found that suffering patients showed individually significant immune cell reactions against different foods. These were identified with an immune cell activation test.

Study summary: Yale University researchers showed in the double-blind study that dietary changes improved both IBS and quality of life based on laboratory data. Foods for which the test (Alcat Test) indicated an inflammation-inducing cell defense reaction were avoided for one month.(4,5)

Entzündungen erkennen

Find out what irritates the gut

Eat what is good for you – skip what irritates the gut

Foods or additives can contribute to irritable bowel syndrome when immune cells react with defense. Such inflammatory triggers can be identified with a laboratory test.

In your blood sample, defense reactions against foods, additives etc. are measured by confronting them with immune cells. In case of a reaction the pro-inflammatory cellular defense releases aggressive and toxic “combat agents” as well as free radicals. 

The cellular defense causing inflammation processes can have a very negative impact on the body and contribute to gastrointestinal complaints (including “leaky gut”), chronic inflammatory diseases, migraines and much more.

Dietary changes based on individual ALCAT lab data have been shown to help with IBS and optimize quality of life(4-11).

IBS Lab Test Info ⇓ 

Less IBS in 3 steps

Laboratory analysis / food scan

Special combi-metabolism food sensitivity test offers 245 test items; high-quality guidance material & personal test review included

Personalized diet for IBS

100% tailored to your needs! Change your diet to compatible foods to relieve the intestines and the immune system from inflammation

 

Professional support

Our nutrition experts will be happy to answer your questions. The success is supported by neutral research from various university clinics

 

HAPPY GUT OFFER

including laboratory test Metabolic Balance

The SPECIAL OFFER includes:

The comprehensive laboratory test with 245 test items offers a meaningful food sensitivity scan of potential irritable bowel triggers. The nutritional concept is based on your lab data and tailored to your unique immune system.

  • Lab data: 200 foods (VEG option): Gluten (-alternatives), dairy products, yeasts etc.; 45 chemical additives
  • Personalized diet concept based on your lab results
  • Actionable information: Diet/action recommendations & expert material (test result review included)

Highest quality & precision: Your laboratory analysis is carried out by Cell Science Systems (Alcat Europe), a German laboratory based in Potsdam.

    Costs

    You save € 119.90, as courier express shipping is also included.

    → € 480 (instead of € 570)

    We are happy to accept your written order or enquiry. Delivery and billing address are required for sending the test set. Please note that a blood sample is required for the laboratory analysis.

    Personalized Guidance

    The Alcat Test includes the interpretation of the test results and makes a clear differentiation between allergy, intolerance and sensitivity. In addition, the creation of a customized profile includes nutritional recommendations and integrates lifestyle questions (eating out, holidays, celebrations, consumption of stimulants, stress reduction).

    With these personalized recommendations, you receive what it takes to significantly reduce potential underlying, persistent inflammatory processes and prevent the development of chronic diseases and irritable bowel syndrome.

    How to order / testing procedure
    • Enquiry or order via the contact form below. Your order is not subject to payment until all questions regarding testing, processing and payment have been clarified
    • After receipt of payment (prepayment) you will receive the blood collection test set
    • Blood collection from Mon. – Thurs.; order same-day collection (24h courier express note in the test kit). Feel free to call us if you would like to pre-book the collection. It is important that your sample is sent on its way quickly!
    • Testing at the laboratory: The quality of the blood sample is checked in a multi-stage quality assurance process and prepared for analysis. After the pre-analytical tests have been completed, the Alcat Test is carried out. Your white blood cells are individually confronted with test substances and measured in real time. 
    • Test results 5-7 days after blood collection via our secure results portal
    • Now let’s go! Let us support you. Make your appointment for your result review 
    About us
    Every blood sample counts – because there is a unique person behind every sender. 

    As a German laboratory with headquarters in Potsdam/Berlin, we guarantee the highest quality and precision. Our diligent team of experts, customer service, nutritionists and our experienced laboratory staff will accompany you.

    Our conduct is determined by ethics, trust, respect (also with regard to resources and the environment), empathy and our own high quality standards towards our customers and partners. These go beyond official regulations.

    Neutral ongoing scientific research and double-blind studies offer you a transparent and objective basis for your own assessment of the “Alcat Technology” for food and chemical sensitivity.

     

    Contact Form

    Simply order or ask for advice? – Simply use the contact form. We are happy to answer your questions.

    Proven in scientific studies 

    User experiences

    The combination of Alcat Test and your expertise has given me exactly the answers I was looking for and an action plan to manage my IBS symptoms. I have seen several so-called specialists who have prescribed me medication ⌊…⌋ – without success.

    Herr C., Pilot

    A young adult man only found the solution to his long-standing intestinal bleeding after gluten and other foods were identified as the cause of his bowel disease. Two colonoscopies had failed to identify the problem.

    Dr. M. Andrews

    “I have used the Alcat Test in many seemingly impossible cases involving inflammation, including fibromyalgia, arthritis, obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. In most of these patients, the diagnoses have improved significantly or resolved completely, which we can attribute solely to dietary changes based on the Alcat Test results.”

    L. Kamphuis, Advanced Nurse Practitioner

     “The Alcat Test is precise and effective”

    Prof. Dr. W. Mehal, Yale University; Prof. of Medicine (Gastroenterology); Director Weight Loss Program & Fatty Liver Disease Program 

    Significant success in 8 out of 10 subjects

    Study data can help you evaluate the effectiveness of the Alcat dietary change for your success.(4-11)

    +   95% improvement in Quality of Life Score 

    +   8 out of 10 achieved their goals

    +   8 out of 10 showed a significant, clinically relevant improvement in their symptoms

    +  10 out of 10 would like to continue the dietary change long term

    Reizdarm und Alcat Unvertraeglichkeiten

    Yale University researchers: Alcat test group significantly better than placebo*.

    In a study conducted by the renowned Yale University (USA), experts have investigated the mechanisms of food intolerance. With the help of a small amount of blood, the defense reactions of immune cells can be identified by food.

    The test results serve as the basis for an individual diet plan, which takes personal intolerances into account and shows alternatives.

    In this way, the release of toxic inflammatory substances by defence reactions of granulocytes (immune cell subgroup) can be prevented by a suitable diet.

    By measuring changes in the immune cells, the Alcat test can help identify diet-specific causes of IBS.

    In this double-blind study, the Alcat method was more effective than the FODMAP diet, which is often used for IBS. 

     

     Avoiding Inflammatory Food Reactions with the Alcat Test

    The Alcat Test is the only one of its kind because immune cells are a direct indicator of an inflammatory response. Other tests (e.g. antibodies) can indicate the previous ingestion of a food, but not the intolerance of the immune system in the vital blood cells in real time.   

    Nahrungsmittelunverträglichkeit Anwendungsgebiete

    Alcat IBS; other scientific studies:

    Yale University

    Significant improvement of irritable bowel syndrome with the Alcat Test

    University of N. Illinois

    Alcat eating plan reduces inflammation, body weight and clinical symptoms

    University Texas

    Alcat is beneficial for obesity reduction: Significant weight loss

    University Pavia

    Validated as BIOMARKER for non-celiac gluten sensitivity

    Yale University

    The Alcat Test identifies foods that lead to the release of pro-inflammatory markers and the activation of innate immune cells

    University Camerino

    Correlation between insulin resistance and Alcat Food Intolerance Test

    Cell Science Systems Corp.

    High food sensitivity correlates with increased nutrient deficiency, stronger response to oxidative stress and lower immune redox status. 

    Texas University

    Significant Weight Loss and Body Composition Improvement with the Alcat Test; Food Allergen Elimination for Obesity Reduction; a Longitudinal, Case-Control Trial

    Allergy Asthma Proc.

    Studies of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA released from food allergen-activated neutrophils. Implications for non-IgE food allergy

    Alcat Test primary literature (DBOC, analytical sensitivity/specificity, others)

    +++ UPDATE: Publications 2021+++

    – B. König et al; Studies of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA released from food allergen-activated neutrophils. Implications for non-IgE food allergy; Allergy Asthma Proc.; 2021 May 1;42(3):e59-e70.doi: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210021; https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33980341/ 

    – F. B. Willis et al; Food Allergen Elimination for Obesity Reduction; a Longitudinal, Case-Control Trial; DOI:10.31488/bjg.1000122; https://britishjournalofgastroenterology.com/food-allergen-elimination-for-obesity 

    Double-blind studies on the Alcat Test

    (1) Ali et al; Efficacy of individualised diets in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial; Yale Scholl of Medicine; BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2017 Sep 20;4(1):e000164. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-201 (https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000164 )

    (2) Garcia-Martinez, I., Weiss, T.R., Yousaf, M.N. et al. A leukocyte activation test identifies food items which induce release of DNA by innate immune peripheral blood leucocytes. Yale School of Medicine; Nutr Metab (Lond) 15, 26 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-018-0260-4

    (3) Lukaszuk I.M, Shokrani M, Ghosh Roy P, Hoppensteadt J, and Josephine Umoren; Effects of Antigen Leukocyte Cellular Activation Test-Based Diet on Inflammation, Body Composition, and Medical Symptoms; Northern Illinois University; Alternative and Complementary Therapies VOL. 24, NO. 5; 11 Oct 2018 https://doi.org/10.1089/act.2018.29183.jml

    (4) Buck Willis F, Ram Shanmugam, Sarah A Curran. Food Allergen Eliminations for Obesity Reduction: A Comparison Study with Therapeutic Exercise. University of Texas; Food Sci Nutr Res. 2018; 1(1): 1-6.; https://scivisionpub.com/pdfs/food-allergen-eliminations-for-obesity-reduction-a-comparison-study-with-therapeutic-exercise-580.pdf

    (5) Michele Di Stefano, Eugenia Vittoria Pesatori, Giulia Francesca Manfredi, Mara De Amici, Giacomo Grandi, Alessandro Gabriele, Davide Iozzi, Giuseppe Di Fede; Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in patients with severe abdominal pain and bloating: The accuracy of ALCAT 5; University of Pavia; Clin Nutr ESPEN; 2018 Dec;28:127-131. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.017 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30390869/

    (6) Pierluigi Pompei, Iolanda Grappasonni, Stefania Scuri, Fabio Petrelli, Enea Traini, Sacha Sorrentino, Giuseppe Di Fede: A Clinical Evidence of a Correlation Between Insulin Resistance and the ALCAT Food Intolerance Test; University of Camerino; Altern Ther Health Med; 2019 Mar;25(2):22-38. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30990791

    (7) Pietschmann, N. “Food Intolerance: Immune Activation Through Diet-associated Stimuli in Chronic Disease,” Altern Ther Health Med, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 42-52, 2015 Jul-Aug 2015

    (8) “High Correlation of the Alcat Test Results with Double Blind Challenge (DBC) in Food Sensitivity“; Fell, Brostoff & Pasula, Präsentation der Studiendurchführung und Ergebnisse beim 45. Annual Congress of the American College of Allergy and Immunology, Los Angeles vom 12. – 16. November 1988 und anschließend Veröffentlichung in den Annals of Allergy.

    (9) “Alcat a new test for food induced problems in medicine?“ Fell et al., Präsentation der Studiendurchführung und Ergebnisse beim Jahrestreffen der American Academy of  Otolaryngic Allergy, Washington DC, 1. Oktober 1988

    (10) ”Alcat® – a new cellular test for food sensitivity“; Fell, Brostoff & Soulsby, Präsentation der Studiendurchführung und Ergebnisse beim Jahrestreffen der American In-Vitro Allergy & Immunology Society, August 1990, Toronto, Canada

    (11) ”Cellular responses to food in irritable bowel syndrome – an investigation of the Alcat Test“; Fell, Soulsby & Brostoff, Publikation der zusammengefassten Studien-Ergebnisse im Journal of Nutritional Medicine, Vol. 2, Nr. 2, 1991

    (12) “Diagnostic Value of Alcat Test in intolerance to food additives compared with double blind placebo controlled (DBPC) oral challenges“ L. Hoj, J Allerg Clin Immun 1 (3); 1996

    Reproducibility studies:

    (13) “Reproducibility of the Alcat Test”; Studie von Dr. Paul Potter an der Universität Kapstadt, Johannesburg, Südafrika 1994.

    (14) “Reproducibility of the Antigen Leukocyte Cellular Antibody Test (Alcat) – Statistical Analysis, Summary Statistics & Scientific Report“, University of the Range Free State in Bloemfontein, Südafrika, Dr. WML Neetling and Dr. AM Kachelhoffer von Januar – April, 1998.

    (15) “Parexel Medstat Final Statistical Report – Study of the Alcat Test in 10 subjects”, Dr. Per Fuglerud, Parexel Norwegen, Nov. 1999

    (16) Study Comparing Alcat Test Results With Flow Cytometry and Microscop, Dr. Gitte Jensen, NIS Labs (Natural Immune System) Oregon, USA, 2009

    Alcat studies – other

    (17) ”Evaluation of Alcat Test Results in the Non-IgE Mediated Pathology of the Skin” DeAmici et al., Studiendurchführung und -bericht der Universität von Pavia, Italien. Presented at the 30th Congress of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 11 – 15 June 2011 – Istanbul, Turkey. (Poster Presentation, Abstract #553)

    (18) ”Alcat Test Results in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Symptoms” Berardi L. et al., Studiendurchführung und -bericht der Universität von Pavia, Italien. Presented at the 30th Congress of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 11 – 15 June 2011 – Istanbul, Turkey. (Poster Presentation, Abstract #552)

    (19) ”Rational management of food intolerance in an elite soccer club” Angelini et al., Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2011, 8(Suppl 1):36

    (20) ”Alcat Test Identifies Food Intolerance in Patients with Gastrointestinal Symptoms” Berardi et al., Report of the XXVIII Congress of the European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Supplement 90, Volume 64, 2009, pg. 490.

    (21) “Food Intolerance in Patients with Cutaneous Diseases: Diagnostic Value of the Alcat Test” Berardi et al., Report of the XXVIII Congress of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Supplement 90, Volume 64, 2009, pg. 490.

    (22) “The Effect of the Alcat Test Diet Therapy for Food Sensitivity in Patients with Obesity” Akmal et al., Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. April 2009 – Vol. 7, Issue 3.

    (23) ” IMS Health Economics and Outcomes Research – Influence of Food Intolerance in Migraines: Final Report of Statistical Results” Immunological Center of Cataluna, Version 3, December 28, 2006.

    (24) “A Comparison of the Alcat Test for Food Reactions Amongst 2 Population Sub-Groups” Studienpräsentation von Dr. DH Sandberg und Dr. MJ Pasula, 45th Annual Congress of the American College of Allergy and Immunology, Los Angeles, CA: November 12 – 16, 1998, publiziert in den Annals of Allergy.

    (25) “The Short Term Efficacy of the Alcat Test of Food Sensitivities to Facilitate Changes in Body Composition and Self-Reported Disease Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Study” Kaats et al. in Am J of Bariatric Med, Spring 1996: 18 – 23.

    (26) “El test Alcat de sensibilidad a los alimentos y su interés en Medicina Estética Cabo-Soler JR. Alcuni Particolari Della Dieta In Medicina Estetica (Comments On Diets In Esthetic Medicine)”. Abstract of 14th Med Day of Esthetical Medicine & Dermatological Survey. Venice, Italy, Sep. 22 – 23, 1995. Published in the proceedings.

    (27) “Outcome Study in 353 Consecutive Patients Following The Alcat Diet”, Studie von Dr. Lene Hoj in Kopenhagen, Allergy Clinic Charlottenlund, Dänemark 1998. Non-Published.

    (28) “Prevalence of food allergy and intolerance in children based on MAST CLA and Alcat Tests” Buczylko et al., Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 1995; 40(3):452 – 456.

    (29) “Alcat Test Results in the Treatment of Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Arthritis, Skin and Central Nervous System” Mylek et al., Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 1995; 40(3): 625 – 629.

    (30) “Food Intolerance in Patients with Angioedema and Chronic Urticaria. An investigation by RAST and Alcat Test Studie von Dr. Lene Hoj, präsentiert beim XVI European Congress of Allergy and Clinical Immunology”, Madrid, Spanien: June 25 – 30, 1995 und publiziert im European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology – Supplement, No. 26, Vol. 50, 1995.

    (31) “Multiple Pathogenic Mechanisms in Food Sensitivity Reaction In-Vitro”. Pasula MJ, Puccio SG, 4th International Symposium on Immunological and Clinical Problems of Food Allergy, Milan, Italy. November 5 – 9, 1989. Abstract Symposium Book, pg. 37.

    (32) “Influence of Food antigens on Volumes of Circulating White Blood Cells and Platelets Aggregation Studienpräsentation beim 4. Symposium on Immunological and Clinical Problems of Food Allergy”, Mailand, Italien, 5. – 9. November 1989

    (33) “The Alcat Test – A Guide and Barometer in the Therapy of Environmental and Food Sensitivities”. Dr. BA Solomon, Environmental Medicine, Vol. 9, Number 2, 1992:2 – 6

    (34) “Pilot Study into the Effect of Naturally Occurring Pharmacoactive Agents on the Alcat Test”. Fell, PJ. American Otolaryngic Allergy Association Annual Meeting, September 27, 1991, Kansas City, MO. Published in the proceedings.

    (35) “Inhibitory Effect of Sodium Cromoglycate on Granulocyte Response to Food Antigens In-Vitro”. Fell PJ, Sandberg DH, Pasula MJ. 47th Annual meeting of the American College of Allergy & Immunology, November 10 – 14, 1990, San Francisco, CA. Publ. in proceedings.

    (36) “Gastrointestinal Complaints Related to Diet”, DH Sandberg, International Pediatrics, Vol. 5 No. 1, 1990:23 – 9.

    (37) “South African Outcome Study randomisierte Studie an 274 Patienten”, Dr. Jan Geldenhuys, Johannesburg, Südafrika, 1997

    (38) “Allergie alimentari. Tecniche diagnostiche a confronto [Food allergy: comparison of diagnostic techniques]”, Mancini S, Fierimonte V, Iacovoni R, Spaini A, Viarani P, Pichi A., Minerva Pediatr. 1995 May;47(5):159-63 [Italian]

    (39). “Technical Study Comparing The Alcat Methodology With Activation Of Granulocytes Following Challenge With Zymosan”. Studie von Dr. Cristina Mele der Universität von Rom.

    (40) “Autism – a multidisciplinary approach to treatment”, Kotsanis et al. 1994. Diese Studie wurde unter der Leitung von Dr. Constantine A. Kotsanis durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden auf dem Jahrestreffen der American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy 1994 präsentiert und stehen auf der Webseite des Kotsianis Instituts zur Verfügung. https://www.kotsanisinstitute.com

    (41) “Controversial antigen leucocyte cellular antibody test (Alcat): a non specific inhibitory effect of alpha glycoproteins”, Kedryna & Guminska, Med Sci Monit 1999; 5(2):BR193 – 197.

    (42) “Ogni intervento comincia a tavola”, Mele Cristina, Medici Oggi, Maggio 2002: 210 – 213

    (43) “Evaluation of the cytotoxic food test and the Alcat (antigen leukocyte cellular antibody test)”. Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 1997 Feb;2(8):154 – 9.

    (44) “The Alcat Test: in vitro procedure for determining food sensitivities”, Pasula MJ., Folia Med Cracov. 1993; 34(1 –4):153 –7.

    (45) “Pharmacoactive Compounds in Foods – The effect on the Alcat Test in Healthy volunteers and patients suffering from Migraine” Fell PJ, Brostoff J, Pasula M. AAOA News 9:2:29.

    The irritated bowel – background information

    Cross-link: Nutrition, lifestyle and IBS

    Conventional medical treatment often reaches its limits in irritable bowel syndrome. Since there is often no physiological cause for irritable bowel syndrome, medication can at least provide relief, or serious diseases can be ruled out through targeted diagnostics.[24]

    A healthy lifestyle with a varied diet, sufficient fluid intake and regular outdoor exercise are essential for long-term optimised function of the stomach and intestines. Deceleration, a conscious daily routine and relaxation techniques also help to reduce stress.[40]

    Causes of IBS

    Alcat Test for IBS Info ⇑ 

    Many influences can disturb the balance of the sensitive intestine. Stress in particular is considered a cause of intestinal complaints. Anxiety, time pressure, nervousness or anger can increase pain, production of gastric juice and intestinal peristalsis.[31]

    Smoking, antibiotics, alcohol, gastrointestinal infections, but also cell-mediated food intolerances and numerous additives in food can significantly affect the intestines and lead to disruption of the intestinal barrier.[28, 41]

    In irritable bowel syndrome, immune cells are overactive and trigger inflammatory reactions for no reason. These can even resemble a severe intestinal inflammation in terms of their severity. Often there are other accompanying symptoms such as concentration problems, breathing difficulties, poor sleep, sensory disturbances in the limbs or hot flushes.[29]

    Darmentzündung, Übersicht

    Inflammation, IBS & Leaky Gut

    It is now known that irritable bowel syndrome is not “imaginary”. For a long time, however, no tangible cause was found and it was questioned whether these complaints were “real” at all or rather “psychosomatic”.

    Since 1998, the discovery of the Italian researcher Prof. A. Fasano (now at Havard University), who lives in the USA, has brought tangible answers to recurring intestinal complaints. The research team discovered that the intestinal barrier in, among others, irritable bowel patients with recurrent diarrhoea, abdominal pain and flatulence was more “permeable” than in healthy patients. Small cracks and damage (microlesions) in the intestinal barrier seem to be responsible.

    The intestinal barrier is a vital boundary between the intestinal contents and the bloodstream. For an intact intestinal barrier (selective intestinal barrier), a good mucus layer and healthy intestinal flora are essential. The selective intestinal barrier makes it possible for only substances that are suitable for the body, e.g. nutrients, to pass through. The passage of germs, pathogens, fungi or harmful substances through the intestinal wall into the blood would undoubtedly be a problem.

    It is this very barrier that seems to be compromised in irritable bowel syndrome: The intestinal epithelium consists of only one layer of intestinal epithelial cells. The cells lie close together and are held together by an intercellular connection called tight junctions. (49-54)

    Damage to the tight junctions leads to leaks because the intestinal barrier (intestinal epithelial cell layer) can no longer be closed tightly and adequately in some areas.

    Leaky Gut Syndrome Illustration

    As a result, the intestinal barrier may lose the function of selectivity – doors are opened, which now allows unwanted foreign substances to pass through.

    These microlesions are microscopic cracks, wounds or damage. In such areas, germs and pathogens can irritate the intestinal wall and the enteric nervous system (gut brain or intestinal nervous system) – which, as a result, can cause recurrent intestinal symptoms such as diarrhoea, abdominal pain and flatulence, among others.

    It can also be assumed that there is an increased exchange between immune cells and intestinal contents, which leads to further inflammatory reactions.

    Anything can happen in the body due to a so-called leaky gut. Many complaints and diseases are associated with it. Chronicised (Leaky Gut Syndrome), this condition could promote the development of serious diseases.

    The microlesions in the intestinal epithelium are “real” and can be visualised with an electron microscope with magnification up to a million times. However, they are too small to be noticed during a normal intestinal endoscopy.

    Today we know that, in addition to nutrition, stress and environmental factors in particular can put the sensitive innate immune system on permanent alert. It was explained above that intracellular “combat agents” are highly toxic and can contribute to leaky gut. (4-11, 49-54)

    Inflammation caused by foods

    FAQs and answers

    Is the Alcat Test an allergy test?

    No. The Alcat Test cannot be classified into any of the 4 allergy categories by its functional mechanism, as mostly innate immune cell reactions are measured – the cause for silent inflammation.

    Today, the term allergy describes the immunological overreaction of the body to otherwise harmless antigens; this usually refers to the classic form of allergy type I with the release of antibodies by mast cells (IgE-mediated immediate type).

    In 1963, Coombs and Gell classified allergies into clinical types I to IV. Food allergy is usually assigned to type I (immediate type) or type IV (delayed immune response).

    These classifications all refer to the specific immune system…. and, although the system is still used today, it is now very old.

    Is the Alcat Test validated?

    Yes, the Alcat test is validated. The validation of a diagnostic test, such as the Alcat test, is divided into a) analytical and b) diagnostic validation. Instead of diagnostic validation, the term “clinical” validation is used synonymously. The studies presented on the Alcat test are equivalent to a clinical validation of the Alcat test for the diagnosis of sensitivities to food components, additives, chemicals to the tested substances. The analytical validation results from clinical studies as well as from the approvals, certificates and patents in particular.

    However, the validation is not associated with a full conventional or mainstream medical recognition.

    What measurement method for cells is used for the Alcat Test?

    The measurement technique used, a combination of special flow cytometry and impedance method, belongs to the current state of science for the analysis of early cellular reactions. 

    Analysis of cellular responses with conventional flow cytometers may miss early adverse cellular responses. Reference should be made here, among others, to Prof. Cooper, a pioneer in label-free technology, who has published the following two books on this subject: “Label-Free Technologies for Drug Discovery” (Wiley-Blackwell) and “Label-free Biosensors: Techniques and Applications” (Cambridge University Press).

    Is the Alcat Test an "IgG Test"?

    No. IgG tests are also frequently used to identify food intolerances. Here, the presence of IgG antibodies in the blood plasma (not the immune cell!) against certain foods indicates more a tolerance rather an intolerance to these foods – meaning it tell you what you eat. Thus, according to the current state of science, it is assumed that IgG, especially IgG4 antibody tests, are not suitable for detecting food intolerances.

    Does the Alcat test also measure type 1 allergies (immediate type)? - Why not?

    The Alcat Test is NOT a test for food allergies. It is designed to test for sensitivities that cause a delayed reaction. Although the terms are used interchangeably in common parlance, food allergy and food sensitivity are distinctly different.

    The main difference is that allergies test parameters of the specific immune system (antibodies), whereas the Alcat test is a cellular test, primarily targeting innate immune cells. – Please note that these are two very different immune pathways and should not be mutually exclusive.

    However, the Alcat test detects sensitivities and NOT allergies. The patient should still avoid all items to which he/she has a known allergy, as food allergies can be very severe and dangerous.

    FAQs related to the test procedure:

    What do I have to do? - Flowchart
    • Order your Alcat test profile by phone, email or via one of our contact forms. For this we need your complete billing & shipping address.
    • After payment, a fully packed blood collection test kit will be shipped
    • Arrange your blood draw for your Alcat Test from Monday to Thursday. The test kit contains all the necessary documents and materials.
    • Please arrange for express courier collection immediately (same day). The courier needs a two-hour time window for pick-up. You are welcome to call us if you would like to pre-register the collection, for example. We will be happy to help! It is important that your sample is sent on its way quickly.
    • You will receive your Alcat test result 5-7 days after the blood collection and will receive it conveniently and quickly via our secure results portal.
    • If you have any questions about your test result, we will be happy to talk to you personally.
    Do I have to fast before the blood collection?

    No, fasting is not required before performing the Alcat test, but adequate fluid intake is recommended. However, eating meat or foods with a high fat or oil content directly before taking the blood sample is not recommended.

    What should be considered when handling the blood sample?

    The blood is collected in the blood collection tubes provided in the test kit and should be stored at room temperature until dispatch.

    The sample must not be frozen, centrifuged or refrigerated. The sample should be viable for at least 48 hours if the recommendations are followed. The laboratory will determine if the viability of the cells is within the specifications for the test upon receipt of the sample.

    Why does the blood sample have to be shipped immediately?

    The whole blood sample is time-critical due to the relatively short lifespan of the innate immune cells. Therefore, the sample should be shipped immediately, i.e. on the day of blood collection, to avoid unnecessary delays (weather or longer delivery times due to unexpected circumstances).

    If this is not possible (Sunday, public holiday or late evening), the sample should be sent the next day, but no later than a Thursday.

    Please note that all tests are subject to pre-analysis to check the integrity of the immune cells before the Alcat test is performed. Normally, the sample can be tested 24 to 72 hours after blood collection.

    I am taking medication. - Can I do the Alcat Test?

    If taking prescription medication is part of your daily routine, do not make any changes!

    You do not have to stop taking any medication (and if you do, please only with your doctor). If possible, do not take any medication 3 to 4 hours before the blood sample is taken.

    The situation is different in the case of a one-off infection. After an infection and/or antibiotic treatment, we recommend a regeneration period of 14 days.

    Alcat Test for IBS Info ⇑ 

    Test recommendations for diet-related inflammation that can contribute to Irritable Bowel Syndrom

    AVOID inflammation / What to eat, what not to eat? – Popular personalised nutrition test packages

    Alcat Lebensmittelunverträglichkeitstest Angebote / Testpakete

    Basic Test →

    Price € 295

    100 foods

    The perfect introduction with 100 (basic) foods; also suitable as a test for toddlers; incl. gluten, wheat, cow’s milk, milk proteins, egg and much more

    100 foods

    Vegetables: asparagus, avocado, bell pepper mix, broccoli, brussels sprouts,  butternut squash, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, cucumber, eggplant, green pea, lettuce, mushrooms, olive, onion, pinto bean, spinach, squash, string bean, soybean, sweet potato, tomato, white potato

    Fruit: apple, banana, blueberry, cantaloupe, cherry, cranberry, grape, grapefruit, lemon, lime, orange, peach, pear, pineapple, plum, strawberry, watermelon

    Fish: clam, codfish, crab, halibut, lobster, salmon, scallop, shrimp, snapper, sole, tuna

    Meat: beef, chicken, lamb, pork, turkey

    Nuts: almond, cashew, cocoa, coconut, peanut, pecan

    Herbs/spices: basil, black pepper, cinnamon, coffee, garlic, ginger, green tea, mustard, oregano, parsley, tea, vanilla

    Yeast/sugar: baker’s yeast, brewer’s yeast, candida albicans, cane sugar, carob,  fructose (HFCS), honey, hops

    Grains: barley, corn, gliadin, gluten, millet, oat, rice, rye, sesame, wheat

    Egg/milk: casein, cow’s milk, egg white, egg yolk, goat’s milk, whey

    Alcat Lebensmittelunverträglichkeitstest Angebote / Testpakete

    Metabolism Test →

    Price € 555 (€ 570)

    245 test substances

    Combining foods + advanced panel: Comprehensive food selection plus chemical additives; for metabolism and digestion

    200 foods

    Vegetables: acorn squash, artichoke, asparagus, avocado, beetroot, bell pepper mix, black-eyed pea, bok choy, broccoli, brussels sprouts, butternut squash, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, chickpea cucumber, eggplant, endive, fava bean, fennel, green pea, lettuce, kale, kidney bean, leek, lentil bean, lima bean, mung bean, mushrooms, navy bean, olive, okra, onion, parsnip, pinto bean, pumpkin, radish, romaine lettuce, rhubarb, spinach, squash, string bean, soybean, sweet potato, swiss chard, tapioca tomato, turnip, white potato, zucchini

    Fruits:apple, apricot, banana, blackberry, black currant, blueberry, cantaloupe, cherry, cranberry, date, fig, grape, grapefruit, honeydew (melon), kiwi, lemon, lime, mango, nectarine, orange, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, pomegranate, raspberry, plum, strawberry, watermelon

    Fish/seafood:anchovies, bass, clam, catfish, codfish, crab, crayfish, flounder, haddock, halibut, herring, lobster, mackerel, mussel, oyster, salmon, sardine, scallop, squid, shrimp, snapper, sole, swordfish, tilapia, trout, tuna, whitefish

    Meat:beef, beef liver, chicken, duck lamb, pheasant, pork, quail, turkey, veal, venison

    Nuts:almond, brazil nut, cashew, cocoa, coconut, hazelnut, macadamia, peanut, pistachio, pecan, pine nut, walnut

    Spices/herbs/others:anise seed, basil, bay leaf, black pepper, caraway, cardamom, cayenne pepper, chamomile, chili pepper, cinnamon, coriander, curry, dill, clove, coffee, cumin, garlic, ginger, green tea, jalapeno pepper, kelp, liquorice, mint, mustard, nutmeg, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, safflower, saffron, sunflower, tarragon, tea, thyme, turmeric, vanilla

    Candida albicans/sugar/yeast:baker’s yeast, beet sugar, brewer’s yeast, Candida albicans, cane sugar, carob, fructose (HFCS), honey, hops, malt, maple syrup

    Gluten/grains:barley, buckwheat, corn, flaxseed gliadin, gluten, millet, oat, quinoa, rice, rye, sesame, spelt wheat

    Egg/milk:casein, cow’s milk, egg white, egg yolk, goat’s milk, sheep‘s milk whey

    45 CHEM 1

    Colourings: annato yellow/orange (E160b), blue#1 (E133), blue#2 (E132), brilliant black (E151), lissamine (E142), red#3 erythrosine b (E127), red#40 (E129), yellow#5 tartrazine (E102), yellow#6 (E110)

    Preservatives /environmental chemicals alternative sugars /other: ammonium chloride, aspartame (E951), benzoic acid (E210), chlorine, deltamethrine, ethylene glycol, fluoride, monosodium glutamate (MSG, E621), nickel sulfate, orris root, polysorbate 80 (E433), saccharine (E954), sodium metabisulfite (E223), sodium sulfite (E221), sorbic acid (E200)

    Antibiotics /anti-inflammatories /pain killer: acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), amoxilin, ampicilin, clinoril, diclofenac (voltaren), diflunisal, flurbiprofen, gentamicin, ibuprofen, indometacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, neomycin, nystatine, penicillamine, penicilline, piroxicam, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline

    Alcat Lebensmittelunverträglichkeitstest Angebote / Testpakete

    Comprehensive Test →

    Price € 725 (€ 765)

    315 test substances

    Comprehensive multi-combination profile of multiple categories: Advanced profile for optimum metabolism, weight and fitness

    200 foods

    Vegetables: acorn squash, artichoke, asparagus, avocado, beetroot, bell pepper mix, black-eyed pea, bok choy, broccoli, brussels sprouts, butternut squash, cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, celery, chickpea cucumber, eggplant, endive, fava bean, fennel, green pea, lettuce, kale, kidney bean, leek, lentil bean, lima bean, mung bean, mushrooms, navy bean, olive, okra, onion, parsnip, pinto bean, pumpkin, radish, romaine lettuce, rhubarb, spinach, squash, string bean, soybean, sweet potato, swiss chard, tapioca tomato, turnip, white potato, zucchini

    Fruits:apple, apricot, banana, blackberry, black currant, blueberry, cantaloupe, cherry, cranberry, date, fig, grape, grapefruit, honeydew (melon), kiwi, lemon, lime, mango, nectarine, orange, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, pomegranate, raspberry, plum, strawberry, watermelon

    Fish/seafood:anchovies, bass, clam, catfish, codfish, crab, crayfish, flounder, haddock, halibut, herring, lobster, mackerel, mussel, oyster, salmon, sardine, scallop, squid, shrimp, snapper, sole, swordfish, tilapia, trout, tuna, whitefish

    Meat:beef, beef liver, chicken, duck lamb, pheasant, pork, quail, turkey, veal, venison

    Nuts:almond, brazil nut, cashew, cocoa, coconut, hazelnut, macadamia, peanut, pistachio, pecan, pine nut, walnut

    Spices/herbs/others:anise seed, basil, bay leaf, black pepper, caraway, cardamom, cayenne pepper, chamomile, chili pepper, cinnamon, coriander, curry, dill, clove, coffee, cumin, garlic, ginger, green tea, jalapeno pepper, kelp, liquorice, mint, mustard, nutmeg, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, safflower, saffron, sunflower, tarragon, tea, thyme, turmeric, vanilla

    Candida albicans/sugar/yeast:baker’s yeast, beet sugar, brewer’s yeast, Candida albicans, cane sugar, carob, fructose (HFCS), honey, hops, malt, maple syrup

    Gluten/grains:barley, buckwheat, corn, flaxseed gliadin, gluten, millet, oat, quinoa, rice, rye, sesame, spelt wheat

    Egg/milk:casein, cow’s milk, egg white, egg yolk, goat’s milk, sheep‘s milk whey

    45 CHEM 1

    Colourings: annato yellow/orange (E160b), blue#1 (E133), blue#2 (E132), brilliant black (E151), lissamine (E142), red#3 erythrosine b (E127), red#40 (E129), yellow#5 tartrazine (E102), yellow#6 (E110)

    Preservatives /environmental chemicals alternative sugars /other: ammonium chloride, aspartame (E951), benzoic acid (E210), chlorine, deltamethrine, ethylene glycol, fluoride, monosodium glutamate (MSG, E621), nickel sulfate, orris root, polysorbate 80 (E433), saccharine (E954), sodium metabisulfite (E223), sodium sulfite (E221), sorbic acid (E200)

    Antibiotics /anti-inflammatories /pain killer: acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), amoxilin, ampicilin, clinoril, diclofenac (voltaren), diflunisal, flurbiprofen, gentamicin, ibuprofen, indometacin, ketoprofen, naproxen, neomycin, nystatine, penicillamine, penicilline, piroxicam, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline

    50 PHYTO basic

    Medicinal herbs, superfoods, adaptogens: Acai berry, agave, aloe vera, ashwagandha, astragalus, barley grass, bee pollen, bilberry, black nut, cascara, chlorella, cottonseed, dandelion, echinacea, essiac, feverfew, ginkgo biloba, goji berry, goldenseal, grape seed extract, guarana seed, gymnema sylvestre, hawthorn berry, huperzine, kava kava, lutein, maitake mushroom, mangosteen, milk thistle, mullein leaf, noni berry, pau d’arco bark, pine bark, red clover flower, red yeast rice, reishi mushroom, resveratrol, rhodiola, rooibos tea, schizandra berry, senna, spirulina, st. john wort, stevia leaf, valerian, vinpocetine, watercress, wheatgrass, wormwood, yellow dock

    20 MYK (moulds)

    Alternaria alternate, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botrytis cinerea, Candida albicans, Cephalosporium, Cladosporium herbarum,  Curvularia spicifera, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidum, Helminthosporium, Hormodendrum, Monila sitophila, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium, Phoma herbarum, Rhizopus nigricans, Rhodotorula rubra, Spondylocladium, Trichoderma

    Popular test packs for diet-related inflammation combined with micronutrient analysis for IBS support

    Lab test combinations for personalized diet and/or nutritional supplements

    Alcat Lebensmittelunverträglichkeitstest Angebote / Testpakete

    Cellular Nutrition Assay →

    Price € 299

    Cellular Nutrition Assays CNA (100 micro/macro nutrients)

    Cell-metabolic blood test for optimal
    nutrient supply and cell protection

    Alcat Lebensmittelunverträglichkeitstest Angebote / Testpakete

    Nutrients & Metabolism →

    Price € 594

    100 Alcat Food Intolerance Test + 100 Micro/Macro Nutrients

    Combi Food Intolerance Test and Cellular Nutrition Assays

    Alcat Lebensmittelunverträglichkeitstest Angebote / Testpakete

    Combi Test Package  →

    Price € 854 (€ 869)

    245 Alcat Food Reaction Test + Additives / 100 Micro/Macro Nutrients

    Comprehensive multi-combination profile: for optimal metabolism & nutrient supply

    Disclaimer

    Der Alcat Test ist als Ernährungskonzept und Gesundheitsberatung der komplementären Ernährungstherapie zu verstehen und ist kein Diagnose- oder HeilverfahrenDie Ernährung allein ist bei Erkrankungen kein Ersatz für eine sorgfältige Diagnostik und medizinische Versorgung.

    Der Alcat Test sollte daher bei einer Vorerkrankung in Absprache mit einem/r Arzt /Ärztin oder Therapeut/In durchgeführt werden. Diese/r kann ihn integrativ kompatibel in den Behandlungsplan einbauen. Eine gesunde Ernährung nach dem Alcat-Prinzip ist aber problemlos zur Prävention anwendbar.

    Wir betonen, dass der Alcat Test keine Parameter des spezifischen Immunsystems misst, d.h, es werden keine Antikörperspiegel gemessen und es handelt sich nicht um einen LTT /Lymphozytentransformationstest. Untersucht werden zellvermittelte nahrungsmittelbedingte Überempfindlichkeiten, die vornehmlich durch das angeborene Immunsystem vermittelt werden.

    Somit diagnostiziert der Alcat Test KEINE Lebensmittelallergien (Typ 1/IgE – entsprechende Befunde müssen uneingeschränkt befolgt werden!) und KEINE enzymatisch bedingte Intoleranzen auf z.B. Lactose, Fructose oder Histamin.

    Es ist möglich, dass bei bestehender klassischer Allergie oder Intoleranz trotzdem gleichzeitig das angeborene Immunsystem aktiviert sein kann und schließt somit keine zellvermittelte entzündungsfördernde Reaktivität aus, wie sie beim Alcat Test gemessen wird. 

    beim Alcat Test handelt sich nicht um einen Antikörpertest der IgG Klasse(n).

    Literaturverzeichnis

    *https://news.yale.edu/2017/09/20/individualized-diets-irritable-bowel-syndrome-better-placebo

    [1] Van den Houte K et al. Prevalence and impact of self-reported irritable bowel symptoms
    in the general population. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 2019, Vol. 7(2) 307–
    315
    [2] BARMER RLP/Saarland Pressemeldung, 23. Mai 2019: Saarländer leiden am häufigsten unter Reizdarm
    [3] BARMER Bayern, Pressemeldung, 02. April 2019: Reizdarm: Volkskrankheit in Bayern – Jeder
    6. Betroffen
    [4] Garcia-Martinez et al. A leukocyte activation test identifies food items which induce release of DNA by
    innate immune peripheral blood leucocytes. Yale School of Medicine; Nutr Metab (Lond) 15, 26 (2018)
    [5] Ali et al; Efficacy of individualised diets in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial; Yale Scholl of Medicine; BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2017 Sep 20;4(1):e000164. doi: 10.1136/
    bmjgast-201 (https://bmjopengastro.bmj.com/content/4/1/e000164 )

    [6] B. König et al; Studies of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA released from food allergen-activated neutrophils. Implications for non-IgE food allergy; Allergy Asthma Proc.; 2021 May
    1;42(3):e59-e70.doi: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210021;
    (7) F. B. Willis et al; Food Allergen Elimination for Obesity Reduction; a Longitudinal, Case-Control Trial; DOI:10.31488/bjg.1000122; https://britishjournalofgastroenterology.com/food-allergen-eliminationfor-obesity
    (8) Pierluigi Pompei et al: A Clinical Evidence of a Correlation Between Insulin Resistance and the ALCAT Food Intolerance Test; University of Camerino; Altern Ther Health Med; 2019 Mar;25(2):22-38.
    (9) Michele Di Stefano et al; Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in patients with severe abdominal pain and bloating: The accuracy of ALCAT 5; University of Pavia; Clin Nutr ESPEN; 2018 Dec; 28:127-131. DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.017
    (10) Lukaszuk I.M, Shokrani M, Ghosh Roy P, Hoppensteadt J, and Josephine Umoren; Effects of Antigen Leukocyte Cellular Activation Test-Based Diet on Inflammation, Body Composition, and Medical Symptoms; Northern Illinois University; Alternative and Complementary Therapies VOL. 24, NO. 5; 11 Oct 2018
    (11) Buck Willis F et al; Food Allergen Eliminations for Obesity Reduction: A Comparison Study with Therapeutic Exercise. University of Texas; Food Sci Nutr Res. 2018; 1(1): 1-6.;

    [11] https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/reizdarm/
    [12] https://www.presseportal.de/pm/7139/4379228#:~:text=Genau%20diese%20Zahl%20hat%20die,%22%20%5B2%2C3%5D.
    [13] https://fet-ev.eu/reizdarmsyndrom-ernaehrungstherapie/
    [14] https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reizdarmsyndrom#:~:text=Das%20Reizdarmsyndrom%20kann%20in%20verschiedene,Stuhlgewohnheiten%20(RDS%2DM).
    [15] https://gute-besserung.hamburg/reizdarm-studie-zeigt-neue-erkenntnisse/
    [16] https://www.darmflora-ratgeber.de/darmflora-immunsystem.html#:~:text=Denn%20unsere%20Darmbakterien%20helfen%20kr%C3%A4ftig,auch%20Mikrobiota%20genannt)%20zu%20erhalten.
    [17] https://www.darmflora-ratgeber.de/darmflora-immunsystem.html
    [18] https://www.darmflora-ratgeber.de/darmflora-immunsystem.html
    [19] https://www.apotheken-umschau.de/krankheiten-symptome/magen-und-darmerkrankungen/reizdarmsyndrom-was-steckt-dahinter-734665.html
    [20] https://www.zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/krankheiten/magen-darm-erkrankungen/leaky-gut-uebersicht/leaky-gut-syndrom
    [21] https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/reizdarm/
    [22] https://www.zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/krankheiten/magen-darm-erkrankungen/blaehungen-uebersicht/bauchspeicheldruesenschwaeche-ia
    [23] https://www.zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/krankheiten/weitere-erkrankungen/sonstige-erkrankungen/mastzellenaktivierungssyndrom
    [24] https://www.dr-kirkamm.de/untersuchung/reizdarm-sibo
    [25] https://www.esanum.de/today/posts/ibs-vitaminmangel
    [26] https://www.apotheken-umschau.de/krankheiten-symptome/magen-und-darmerkrankungen/reizdarm-stecken-nahrungsallergien-dahinter-722321.html
    [27] https://www.stoffwechsel-rosenheim.de/chronisch-krank-glyphosatvergiftung-glyphosat-stoert-atmung-zellen-mitochondrien-giftabbau-vitaminsynthese-morbus-crohn-colitis-ulcerosa-reizdarm-folge
    [28] https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/reizdarm/
    [29] https://www.myrrhinil.de/darmgesundheit#:~:text=Die%20Darmbarriere%20besteht%20aus%20vier,den%20Darmwandzellen
    [30] https://www.kry.de/magazin/nervoeser-darm-reizdarm-durch-stress/
    [31] https://www.netdoktor.de/krankheiten/reizdarm/
    [32] https://nutrimmun.de/de/anwendungsbereiche/reizdarm_fodmap_diaet/
    [33] https://alcat.com/de/patienten/
    [34] https://www.esanum.de/today/posts/ibs-vitaminmangel
    [35] https://www.zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/krankheiten/magen-darm-erkrankungen/reizdarm-uebersicht/reizdarm
    [36] https://innovall.de/ratgeber/reizdarm/reizdarm-ernaehrung/
    [37] http://www.gesundheits-lexikon.com/Speiseroehre-Magen-Darm/Reizdarmsyndrom/Labordiagnostik.html
    [38] https://cellsciencesystems.com/patients/cna/
    [39] https://alcat.com/de/patienten/
    [40] https://magazin.med-specialists.com/medizin/reizdarm-risikofaktoren-symptome-und-behandlung/
    [41] https://www.kry.de/magazin/nervoeser-darm-reizdarm-durch-stress/
    [42] https://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/ausgabe-172016/die-antientzuendungsdiaet/
    [43] https://naturesan.at/darmgesundheit/l-glutamin
    [44] https://www.carna.shop/blogs/thema-der-woche/lactoferrin-laktoferrin-das-multitalent-fuer-ihre/
    [45] https://www.zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/bibliothek/koerper/darmflora-uebersicht/omega-3-fuer-die-darmflora
    [46] https://www.zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/krankheiten/magen-darm-erkrankungen/reizdarm-uebersicht/reizdarm
    [47] https://www.die-rathausapotheke.de/medizin/was-tun-bei-reizdarm/
    [48] https://www.die-rathausapotheke.de/medizin/was-tun-bei-reizdarm/

    [49] Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenerologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, (DGVS): “Reizdarmsyndrom – Aufruhr im Darm”: https://www.dgvs.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/PM_2021_07-DGVS-Reizdarm-LL_Juli-2021.pdf

    [50] Brian E. Lacy, Nihal K. Patel: Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, 26. Oktober 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5704116/

    [51] Yu Gu, Guoqiong Zhou, Xiali Qin, Shumin Huang, Bangmao Wang: The Potential Role of Gut Mycobiome in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. In: Frontiers in Microbiology. Band 10, 21. August 2019, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6712173/

    [52] M. I. Vazquez-Roque, M. Camilleri u. a.: A controlled trial of gluten-free diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea: effects on bowel frequency and intestinal function. In: Gastroenterology. Band 144, Nummer 5, Mai 2013, S. 903–911.e3

    [53] Robles-Medranda C etal; Confocal laser endomicroscopy detects colonic inflammation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective study. Endosc Int Open. 2020 Apr;8(4):E550-E557. doi: 10.1055/a-1119-6327. Epub 2020 Mar 23. PMID: 32258379; PMCID: PMC7089800.

    [53] Miglietta, S. et al. New Insights
    into Intestinal Permeability in
    Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Like
    Disorders: Histological and
    Ultrastructural Findings of Duodenal
    Biopsies. Cells 2021, 10, 2593.
    https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102593

    [54] Lammers KM, Fasano A., et al., Gliadin Induces Neutrophil Migration via Engagement of the Formyl Peptide Receptor, FPR1. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 17;10(9):e0138338. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138338. PMID: 26378785; PMCID: PMC4574934.

    Cell Science Systems GmbH (Alcat-Europe)
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    Cell Science Systems GmbH (CSS) ist europaweiter Anbieter des Alcat Tests für Nahrungsmittel / Chemikalien-Unverträglichkeit und die damit verbundene Gesundheitskommunikation.